# Demographics → Cross-Border Innovation Flows

| Model | Dep Var | N | Countries | R² |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B1: Z → nonres patent share | nonres_patent_share | 1,147 | 56 | 0.271 |
| B2: Z → FDI inflows/GDP | fdi_inflows_gdp | 1,926 | 61 | 0.015 |
| B3: Z → FDI outflows/GDP | fdi_outflows_gdp | 1,635 | 56 | 0.016 |
| B4: Z → hightech export share | hightech_exports_share | 815 | 59 | 0.179 |
| B5: OECD Z → FDI outflows | fdi_outflows_gdp | 518 | 16 | 0.032 |

## Key Coefficients

| Model | Variable | Coef | SE | p-value | Sig |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B1: Z → nonres patent share | Z_1 | -0.5492 | 0.7407 | 0.4586 |  |
| B1: Z → nonres patent share | Z_2 | 0.0665 | 0.1091 | 0.5426 |  |
| B1: Z → nonres patent share | Z_3 | -0.0028 | 0.0044 | 0.5259 |  |
| B2: Z → FDI inflows/GDP | Z_1 | 31.0280 | 27.5660 | 0.2605 |  |
| B2: Z → FDI inflows/GDP | Z_2 | -3.8096 | 4.0508 | 0.3471 |  |
| B2: Z → FDI inflows/GDP | Z_3 | 0.1321 | 0.1624 | 0.4159 |  |
| B3: Z → FDI outflows/GDP | Z_1 | 28.2668 | 37.0315 | 0.4454 |  |
| B3: Z → FDI outflows/GDP | Z_2 | -3.3536 | 5.4210 | 0.5362 |  |
| B3: Z → FDI outflows/GDP | Z_3 | 0.1136 | 0.2165 | 0.6000 |  |
| B4: Z → hightech export share | Z_1 | -75.2644 | 29.8131 | 0.0118 | ** |
| B4: Z → hightech export share | Z_2 | 10.4690 | 4.2857 | 0.0148 | ** |
| B4: Z → hightech export share | Z_3 | -0.3884 | 0.1698 | 0.0224 | ** |
| B5: OECD Z → FDI outflows | Z_1 | -15.2917 | 47.2102 | 0.7461 |  |
| B5: OECD Z → FDI outflows | Z_2 | 2.2562 | 6.4032 | 0.7247 |  |
| B5: OECD Z → FDI outflows | Z_3 | -0.0905 | 0.2412 | 0.7076 |  |

*Cross-border innovation flows*